Why do some spatial patterns stick in our memory more than others? Spatial working memory involves numerous mechanisms, and in this study, I aim to integrate these mechanisms into a single conceptual model. To accomplish this, I conducted a large-scale experiment that gathered 35.4 million responses to test human observers’ memory using 80,000 different patterns. Additionally, I developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) to serve as a benchmark for the model’s performance. By combining traditional concepts with innovative ideas, I created a quasi-comprehensive exploration model of spatial working memory (QCE-SWM). This model offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the mechanisms underlying spatial working memory.